synthgeek's blog

This is actually just a hard-wired version of something I often patch up using some of Loid’s modules. The module consists of four squarewave oscillators feeding an R/2R ladder, which in turn feeds an attenuator/glide circuit (which I first saw at TSOL, via Richarius). It occurs to me that this is very similar to Ken Stone’s “Psycho LFO” module- though this resemblance is unintentional, it is entirely possible that there was some sort of subliminal influence involved in the original Loid patch. Both modules use multiple Schmitt trigger squarewaves and a glide circuit, the biggest difference between the two being how the squarewaves are mixed. Mr. Stone’s module uses a standard op amp mixing technique, while this one uses an R/2R ladder to give a weighted mix of the oscillators.

You could take a page from Ken’s book and use fixed resistors for some of the oscillators, swapping out the associated timing caps as needed (C1-C4). You could also extend the R/2R and wire up the two remaining Schmitt triggers as oscillators.

Here’s a recording of the pulse oscillator from the “part 12″ post with the pitch being modulated by the SRS, pulse width and filter cutoff frequency (band pass) modulated by seperate triangle LFOs:

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Here is my latest little standalone noisemaker:

This is a small 3-oscillator logic synth, based somewhat on the same concept as the TrigPulser module in Loid. Like the original TrigPulser, it is based on the CD4093 quad 2-input NAND Schmitt trigger. In this synth, one oscillator is turning a second oscillator on and off, and the second oscillator feeds one side of  a NAND, while a third independent oscillator feeds the other side.

Here’s the schematic:

The range of sounds it can make is pretty amazing- though it can do the beepy & droney stuff you might expect, it can also do much more (especially when controls are swept)- harsh static-like noise, vocal-like sounds, oscillator-sync type stuff, etc. Here’s a couple of demos- audio, then video:

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As I once again need more money for parts, this one is going on eBay- I do plan to build one for myself as well though.

These circuits currently exist on Loid’s breadboard extension. As I’m out of space in the containers, and am also reaching the limit of the power supply I’m using, Loid will be getting another piece added soon. In addition to the modules discussed here, I also plan to add a 4017-based sequencer, a noise source, a couple of VCO’s, and most likely some other stuff. If all goes according to the current plan, the result will be a sort of utility/”brain-box”, which will also function as a take-away sequencer and beat box.

The simple VCA is in this series of pages, towards the back of the “book”. This is from a project Ray Wilson was involved in before MFOS came into being, called the WP-20 mini-synth.

Logic-only VCA and AREG at this thread. I will only be using the EG. I used an LM358 for the op amp. There is also a similar AREG in the WP-20 book which is based on the LM3900 and uses a 555 as a gate generator.

The following simple recording shows the AREG being used as a highly controllable LFO, using a slow squarewave as the trigger/gate source, modulating the frequency of a CD4046 VCO. At first, a 40106-based square LFO is being used directly as the gate, later I switch it over to a divider for even slower modulation.

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No recording of the VCA, but it just controls the volume, nothing super exciting. I can, however, say it works quite well with this simple EG. My plan is to build a quad version using all 4 op amps in the MC3401 I’m using, which is a relative/equivalent to the LM3900.

This joystick (a “Flightstick Pro”) was another great second-hand shop find. Opening it up, I found three 100k pots (one for each joystick axis, and a throttle wheel):

My thoughts immediately turned to a 2-osc synth of some sort (each axis controlling one osc), and as I started brainstorming, the idea of a filter of some sort for the third pot came along. My final plan was for the oscillators to be supplied by a CD40106, which would feed two buffered squarewave oscillators into an AM circuit. I chose the TS12A4514 analog switch for the basis of this AM circuit, mostly due to space considerations. The filter is a passive highpass type, using a metal-film 100nF capacitor and the third pot. Each joystick axis also has an offset wheel, which can allow for setting the range of the associated osc, or just act as another frequency control.

Post-op inside photo:

The final product:

Here’s an audio demo:

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…and here’s a short video:

This one is also going on eBay to raise some money for parts. It’s probably the one I’ll have the hardest time parting with, of all the things I’ve built & sold so far. If I ever find another joystick like this, I’m keeping the next one.

This came about while messing around with a CD4093 on the breadboard- I patched it up to an existing 3-input NAND gate already existing in Loid, along with a momentary switch for triggering- and cool stuff started happening.

The basic idea is based on the NAND gate in the 4093, which allows you to create an oscillator which can be gated, manually or via another logic signal. Having one gated oscillator is fun, but what happens if you use the old diode-gate trick on top of regular old gating. That was pretty cool too. Purely by chance, I hooked the two up to a 3-input NAND gate as shown in the schematic, and thus the Trigpulser was born.

Since the 4093 has 4 NAND Schmitt triggers, and a CD4023 has 3 gates, that meant the module could have two “sides”, and a final NAND gate on the output. I decided to build it so that the two sides could be used independently, or together through the final gate.

Here’s a recording of one side being used alone, triggered with two squarewaves from “normal” Schmitt trigger oscillators:

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…and here’s one of both oscs being used with the final NAND gate (the pauses are naturally occurring from the material used as trigger inputs):

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…and here’s a bonus video of a single side in use:

I will also be designing a stand-alone version of this, with a 40106 providing material for the trigger inputs.

So, after a few attempts with different op amps, and different filter configurations, this is the best I came up with for using the 4007 in a filter:

Note that this will not work well with anything other than signals from logic outputs- inverters, gates, etc.- the stuff Lunettas are made from. I was only able to get the BP input to work, so I removed the other two from the schematic. Other changes include limiting diodes in the feedback path, The use of a TLo8x for the filter amplifier, filter capacitor value changes, and input/output capacitors.

Ultimately, though not a complete failure, this is not what I was hoping for either. I’m sure that my n00bness has much to do with it, but I’m also beginning to have my doubts about the 4007 in this capacity.

Here’s another recording of the BPF, first on a squarewave, then on some more interesting stuff coming from a quad AND/OR select gate:

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Perhaps I will come back to this line of research eventually, for now I think I’ll be looking elsewhere. I am still considering adding this circuit to Loid though, as it does pretty well there I think.

The concept of using a CD4007 for the VC part of a VCF is one I first saw at the Experimental Anonymous archives- specifically, this 4007-based VCF. My attempts with that schematic were unsuccessful, so I started looking for more information on the 4007 itself as a variable resistor.

Eventually my search led me to this filter by Synthmonger. Though the filter in that shematic does look interesting, it’s not what I’m after right now- so I decided to try using the voltage control scheme with a different filter. What I would really like at this point is an MS-20-style SVF, so I’ve decided to try pairing it with something like the first filter shown in this schematic from the EA archives.

I put a 10k resistor in place of the resonance vactrol (note that the pair of resistors here controls the gain of the amplifier block- this is worth playing with I think), and used a 100k pot in place of the 1k resistor between the filter output and the BP input- I tried it the other way around first, but this way worked better. As you may notice, this makes the filter sort of a combination of the two from the above-linked schematic. With this configuration, the BPF works quite well, but not the LP or HP. Here’s an audio example, first showing the BPF, then the LPF, then back to the BPF- you’ll be able to spot the difference:

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Thinking that input overdrive could be an issue, I’ve tried reducing the levels using voltage dividers, but to no avail. However, I have also noticed that the choice of op amp has a definite impact on the sound, so I’ve tried several- TL072, RC4560, RC4580, and MC1458- which are all the choices I currently have in dual op amps (I’m using a dual for easy output buffering). The 1458 provides the best response of the bunch, and is the one you hear in the above recording. I have other choices in different packages (single and quad op amps), so I’ll be trying those as well- they just aren’t as easy to swap out.

Here’s the schematic of what’s on the breadboard as of the time of the above recording:

Note that I did also try powering the op amp from +/-9V,  and though it did sound better, it wasn’t a major difference. I will try it in future tests as well, however, just in case.

If different op amps don’t end up doing the trick, I will probably try a different filter topology. The National Semiconductor application note A Basic Intro to Filters has several basic ideas to choose from- using that and some other filter schematics as a reference, I’m sure something good will eventually come out of this line of research.

Finally got around to a couple of modules I’ve been wanting to try for awhile- the Synthmonger VCO and a CD4069 LFO. The LFO is based on this one, with mods by Tjookum as shown in this thread at TSOL. I also tapped the signal at the + side of the integrator capacitor (the cap between pins 5 and 6 in the schematic), for a square output.

I built the VCO part with 3 oscs initially- but upon going to mount the new module in Loid, decided to disable one, since I’m getting low on panel space, and already have plenty of oscillators available.

Here’s a recording of the two VCO’s being modulated from the two LFO’s, with the VCO’s output being fed into an XOR gate:

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Here’s one with the same LFO-to-osc routing, but with the VCO’s going into 1/3 of a 4053 multiplexer, controlled by several “normal” 40106 oscillators:

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Once again, this device is named after its housing- in this case, a tin with a “Smokin’ Joe’s Racing” logo from Camel cigarettes:

Here’s a close-up of the board:

Some of the components for the EQ are mounted on the pots. The only additions I’ve made to the circuit from the last posted schematic is to add a feedback loop from the line output to the switched side of the first input jack, so that the connection is cut when something else is plugged in. This feedback loop allows it to act as a sound source in its own right, even without any inputs.

Here’s what the final build looks like- the camera’s flash makes it look blue in these photos, but as the earlier pic shows, it’s actually purple:

You’ve already heard what it sounds like with inputs, so here’s a quick recording of the feedback loop oscillation:

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Yesterday I posted a link to HeadWize, where I had found some good info on EQ design. Figure 1b on that page shows a 2-band Baxandall EQ (high/low shelf), which I have adapted for use in the Mossifier. The EQ section is marked in the new schematic:

This addition uses the two remaining inverters from the CD4069 in place of the op amp from the schematic shown at HeadWize. It works surprisingly well- of course, I’m sure a proper op amp would work better, but it seems to be doing pretty much what it’s supposed to. I put a SPDT switch in the schematic for bypassing the EQ, just because I thought it might be handy- but as it says, that’s entirely optional.

Note that the basic lowpass tone control from the first schematic has been removed. If you wanted some sort of per-channel tone control, that would make a decent option.

That about does it for the design of this bad boy, all that’s left now is to build it on perfboard and house it- and of course I’ll be posting about that too.